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HTML Basics, HTML Commands, HTML Basic commands, Hyper Text Mark up language, Introduction to HTML, Web designing Commands

HTML Commands Function Characteristics Contains Syntax
<!--...--> allows us to insert a line of browser-invisible comments in your document some browsers may execute the tags inside comment lines, so it's best to avoid nesting commands within comments
<html>...</html> marks the opening and closing of an HTML document <head>...</head>
<body>...</body>		 surrounds all other HTML commands
<head>...</head> creates the head of an HTML document <title>...</title>
<meta>
<isindex>
<base>
<nextid>
<link>		 immediately after <HTML> and before <BODY>...</BODY>
<body>...</body> creates the body part of an HTML document background= designates a file to be displayed as background
bgcolor="#(hexadecimal color code)" sets the background color
text="#(hexadecimal color code)" sets the color of plain text
link="#(hexadecimal color code)" sets the color of unfollowed text links
alink="#(hexadecimal color code)" sets the color of active text links
vlink="#(hexadecimal color code)" sets the color of visited text links		 all lists,
anchors, tables,
forms, images,
text, breaks, characters,
and headings 		inside
<html>...</html>
and after <head>...</head>
<isindex> activates the browser's searching function HTML 3.0:
prompt="..." allows you to specify the search prompt.
(default prompt is "This is a searchable index. Enter search keywords:")		 <blockquote>
...</blockquote>
<body>...</body>
<dd> or <li>
<form>...</form>
<head>...</head>
Head
<link> this command, primarily used by HTML-generating tools, indicates a relationship to other documents (and unlike anchors, cannot indicate relationships to parts of documents) href="url" of document linked to this one
name=anchor (if the link is an anchor)
rel="(linked to document in relation to this document)"
rev="(reverse rel b/w this doc and other doc)"
urn=uniform resource number
title="title of linked-to doc"
methods="ftp, gopher, etc." (method of retrieving other document)		 inside

<HEAD>
...</HEAD>
<meta> allows you to specify metacontent (self- referential content, or information about the document itself--meant to be read by machines) http-equiv="name" content="value" names a new HTTP header field whose data will be specified as CONTENT
HTTP-Equiv="Expires content="never"

name="key" of key/value pair.
content="value" of key/value pair.
<base> indicates the full URL of the current document href="URL"
<title>...</title> allows you to select a title that will appear in the title bars of browser windows and in bookmarks (default is the actual filename of your document)
Body
Formatting
<center>...</center>
centers
enclosed
text
 <br>
<a>...</a> or <img>
<address>...</address>
<em>...</em>
<strong>...</strong>
<code>...</code>
<samp>...</samp>
<kbd>...</kbd>
<var>...</var>
<cite>...</cite>
<tt>...</tt>
<b>...</b>
<i>...</i>		 <blockquote>
...</blockquote>

<body>...</body>

<form>...</form>

<dd> or <li>

<th>...</th> or <td>...</td>
<font size=# >...</font>

the value for the size attribute can be a number from 1 to 7 (default is 3), or (in quotation marks) a number relative to the current size, e.g. "+2".

 <br>
<img>
<a>...</a>
<em>...</em>
<strong>...</strong>
<code>...</code>
<samp>...</samp> <kbd>...</kbd>
<var>...</var>
<cite>...</cite>
<tt>...</tt>
<b>...</b>
<i>...</i>		 <p>
<a>...</a>
<address>...</address>
<b>...</b>
<cite>...</cite>
<code>...</code>
<dd>, <dt>, or <li>
<h#>...</h#>
<em>...</em>
<i>...</i>
<kbd>...</kbd>
<pre>...</pre>
<samp>...</samp>
<td>...</td>
<strong>...</strong>
<tt>...</tt>
<var>...</var>
<basefont size=#>

the value for the size attribute can be a number from 1 to 7. the default is 3.

 <p>
<a>...</a>
<address>...</address>
<b>...</b>
<cite>...</cite>
<code>...</code>
<dd> or <li> <em>...</em>
<h#>...</h#>
<i>...</i>
<kbd>...</kbd>
<pre>...</pre>
<samp>...</samp>
<strong>...</strong>
<tt>...</tt>
<var>...</var>		 can be used only once inside
<body>...</body>
<b>...</b> emboldens enclosed text <br>


<img>


<a>...</a>


<em>...</em>


<strong>...</strong>


<code>...</code>


<samp>...</samp>


<kbd>...</kbd>


<var>...</var>


<cite>...</cite>


<tt>...</tt>


<b>...</b>


<i>...</i>


 

 <p>

<a>...</a>

<address>...</address>

<b>...</b>

<cite>...</cite>

<code>...</code>

<dd>, <dt>, <li>

<h#>...</h#>

<kbd>...</kbd>

<em>...</em>

<pre>...</pre>

<samp>...</samp>

<strong>...</strong>

<tt>...</tt>

<var>...</var>

<th>...</th> or <td>...</td>
<em>...</em> tells browser to emphasize
enclosed text
<strong>
...</strong> 		tells browser to place stronger emphasis on enclosed text
<cite>
...</cite> 		a citation
<kbd>...</kbd> distinguishes text to be typed
<samp>
...</samp> 		sample text
<tt>...</tt> renders text in monospaced typewriter font
<i>...</i> puts the text in italics
<pre>...</pre> preformatted
 
  t e x t

to be displayed with spacing intact
<address>
...</address>		 Address of webpage
<code>...</code> code sample
<var>...</var> placeholder or variable for some other value
<blink>...</blink> makes the text blink. use at your own risk.
<h1>...</h1>
<h2>...</h2>
<h3>...</h3>
<h4>...</h4>
<h5>...</h5>
<h6>...</h6> 		marks six levels of headings
(1 is largest;
6 smallest)		 align=center (3.0) <blockquote>
...</blockquote>
<body>...</body>
<pre>...</pre>
<address>...</address>
<form>...</form>
<th>...</th> or <td>...</td>
Lists
<ul>...</ul>
<ol>...</ol>
<dl>...</dl>		 allow you to create lists:
1. ordered,
  • unordered, or
    plain
    		•   

    type= sets the type of marker (1, A, a, i, disc, circle, square) introducing each list item
    start= overrides usual alphabetical/numerical sequence of ordered lists

    		<li>, for ordered and unordered lists;

    <dt> and <dd> for definition lists

    		 <blockquote>
    ...</blockquote> <body>...</body> <dd> or <li> <form>...</form> <th>...</th> or <td>...</td>
    <li> [...</li>]

    		opens an indented list item (with a number, in an ordered list,
    or a
  • bullet, in an unordered list)
    		•  type= sets the type of marker (1, A, a, i, disc, circle, square) introducing each list item
    value= allows you to set the number or letter of an ordered list item     		<a>...</a> <img> <br> em strong code samp kbd var cite tt <b>...</b> i <p> ol ul dir menu dl <pre>...</pre> <blockquote>
    ...</blockquote>    		 dir menu ol ul
    <dt>
    <dd>    		 these tags mark the terms and definitions (respectively) in a definition list <dl>...</dl>
    Tables
    <table>...</table> creates a table
    border=
    (width, in pixels, of the border to be drawn around the table. a value of FRAME will enclose just the outside of the table; BASIC, the border and cells)
    cellpadding= (spacing between the contents of the cell and the cell borders)
    cellspacing= (size of the lines dividing the data cells) width= (width in pixels or a percentage of the window)    		 <tr>...</tr>

    <caption>...</caption>

    		 <blockquote>
    ...</blockquote> <body>...</body> <dd> or <li>, <form>...</form> <td>...</td>
    <caption>...</caption> allows you to label a table with a caption align=top, bottom   <table>...</table>
    <tr>...</tr> creates a table row align=leftrightcenter valign=
    (top middle bottom baseline)    		 <th>...</th> or <td>...</td> <table>...</table>
    <td>. . .</td>
    <th>. . .</th>    		 creates a data cell or header cell in a table row rowspan=
    (the number of rows spanned by the cell) colspan= (the number of columns spanned by the cell)
    align= (left, right, center: horizontal alignment of the cell contents)
    valign= (top, middle, bottom: the vertical alignment of the cell contents)
    nowrap (indicates not to wrap the cell contents)
    width= (width in pixels or in a quoted percentage of the window)    		 <p><isindex> <hr>
    <a>...</a>
    <h#>...</h#>
    ol, ul, dir, menu, dl,
    pre,
    <blockquote>
    ...</blockquote>
    <form>...</form>

    <address>...</address> table    		 <tr>...</tr>
    Hypertext
    <a>...</a> creates a link to another document or to another segment of the same document href="URL" or "file" or "#name" of subfile in the document

     

    name="name of subfile in this document"

    rel, rev, urn, title, methods

    		 <img>
    <br>
    <em>...</em>
    <strong>...</strong>
    <code>...</code>
    <samp>...</samp>
    <kbd>...</kbd>
    <var>...</var>
    <cite>...</cite>
    <tt>...</tt>
    <b>...</b>
    <i>...</i>    		 <body>...</body> <address>...</address> b cite code <dd>, <dt> or <li> <em>...</em>
    <h#>...</h#> <i>...</i>
    <kbd>...</kbd>
    <pre>...</pre>
    <samp>...</samp>
    <strong>...</strong>
    <tt>...</tt>
    <var>...</var>
    <th>...</th> or <td>...</td>
    Images
    <img> loads an inline image ismap=
    src=
    alt="text"
    align texttop/ absmiddle /baseline /bottom,
    vspace
    hspace
    width
    height
    border
    lowsrc="file to be loaded with the main document"    		 <a>...</a>
    <address>...</address>
    <b>...</b>
    cite code <dd>, <dt>, or <li> em
    <h#>...</h#> i kbd p samp strong tt var
    Forms
    <form>...</form> creates a form action="URL" of script to process form input
    method="get" or "post" how the input will
    be sent to the gateway on the server side
    enctype=
    "application/ x-www-form-urlencoded" only one value possible right now
         		 <h#>...</h#> p, lists, pre, <blockquote>
    ...</blockquote>, isindex table hr address input select textarea    		 <blockquote>
    ...</blockquote> <body>...</body> <dd> or <li> <th>...</th> or <td>...</td>
    <input> input widget for a form type="(checkbox/ hidden/ radio /reset /submit /text /image)"
    name="name of this item as passed to the script (in name/value pair),"
    value="default value (for text or hidden widget);
    value to be submitted with the form (for a checkbox or radio button);
    or label (for Reset or Submit buttons)"
    src="source file for an image",\
    checked indicates that checkbox or radio button is checked
    size="size in chars of text widget"
    maxlength="no of characters in a text field"
    align="(texttop/ absmiddle /baseline /bottom,)"    		 <form>...</form>
    <textarea>...
    </textarea>    		 multiline text entry widget name=" (name to be passed to the script as part of name/value pair)"
    rows="no. of rows"
    cols="(no. of cols.)"    		 <form>...</form>
    <select> creates a menu or scrolling list of possible items name=name of data field
    size=#of items to display
    multiple allows multiple selections    		 <option> <form>...</form>
    <option> indicates a possible item within a select widget selected=default selection
    value="data submitted if this option is selected"    		 <select>
    Breaks, Headings, and Titles
    <title>. . .</title> allows you to select a title
    that will appear above your browser window
    (default is the actual filename of your document)    		 inside <HEAD>
    ...</HEAD>
    <h1>...</h1>
    <h2>...</h2>
    <h3>...</h3>
    <h4>...</h4>
    <h5>...</h5>
    <h6>...</h6>     		marks six levels of headings
    (1 is largest;
    6 smallest)    		 align=center (3.0) <a>...</a> img
    br em strong code samp kbd var cite tt <b>...</b> i    		 <blockquote>
    ...</blockquote>
    <body>...</body>
    <pre>...</pre>
    <address>
    ...</address>
    <form>...</form>
    <th>...</th> or <td>...</td>
    <p> creates a paragraph

    break

    		 <a>...</a>
    <img> and <br>
    em strong code samp kbd var cite tt <b>...</b> i    		 <blockquote>
    ...</blockquote> <body>...</body> <dd> or <li> <form>...</form>
    <br> forces
    a
    line
    break    		 clear=right, left, all (3.0) <a>...</a>
    <address>
    ...</address>
    <b>...</b>
    cite
    code
    <dd>, <dt> or <li>
    <h#>...</h#>
    em
    i
    kbd
    <p>, <pre>...</pre>
    samp
    strong
    tt
    var
    <hr> draws a horizontal rule line
    size=(in pixels, the width of the line itself)
    width=(in pixels, or a "#%" of the screen, the width traversed by the line)
    align=(horizontal placement of the line, if it doesn't cross the entire screen)
    noshade eliminates the line's shadow    		 <blockquote>
    ...</blockquote> <body>...</body>, <form>...</form>, <pre>...</pre>, <td>...</td>
     
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